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The Philosophes were largely atheists.

A) True
B) False

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Some of the new goods appearing in middle class homes in the 18th century include all of the following except:


A) glassware.
B) books.
C) toys.
D) weapons.
E) shoes.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

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The genesis of the Enlightenment may be found in the:


A) Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century.
B) Catholic Reformation of the seventeenth century.
C) scientific revolution of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
D) writings of Voltaire and Rousseau.
E) art of the High Renaissance.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

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Although the philosophes condemned slavery,they did not argue for its immediate abolition and used many different means of avoiding the issue.One of their members,_________,exposed the hypocrisy of this approach by wondering how the Europeans would view slavery if they themselves were being enslaved.


A) Baron de Montesquieu
B) Denis Diderot
C) Voltaire
D) Jean Calas
E) Moses Mendelssohn

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Which of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's books sold especially well among women?


A) Julie
B) Emile
C) The Social Contract
D) Sense and Sensibility
E) Meditations on a First Philosophy

F) All of the above
G) A) and D)

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How did the Enlightenment thinkers approach European colonization and did they have a strong impact on the growth of the various European colonial empires in the eighteenth century?

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Enlightenment thinkers spent a great dea...

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What was the impact of John Locke's theories on the thinkers of the Enlightenment?

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Locke was a powerful influencer on the t...

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What impact did the Enlightenment have on government in the eighteenth century?

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The Enlightenment was a powerful and pub...

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With the rise in literacy and the book business in the eighteenth century,censorship was:


A) surprisingly nonexistent.
B) institutional throughout Europe.
C) uneven in its implementation.
D) left to the Roman Catholic Church.
E) applied only to books for children.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Due to the high regard the philosophes such as Voltaire had for England,English became the language of the Enlightenment.

A) True
B) False

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Tabula rasa means "human mind."

A) True
B) False

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Mary Wollstonecraft believed that equality laid the basis for virtue and thus argued that society ought to seek "the perfection of our nature and capability of:


A) order."
B) affection."
C) redemption."
D) happiness."
E) peace."

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

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The philosophes of the Enlightenment,as exemplified by Voltaire,particularly admired England because of:


A) the deistic position taken by the Church of England.
B) the literary genius of Chaucer,Shakespeare,and Fielding.
C) its constitutional monarchy and policy of religious toleration.
D) the continued success and expansion of its mercantile empire.
E) the support by the Church of scholarly research at Oxford and Cambridge.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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According to Jean-Jacques Rousseau,freedom meant:


A) the worst corruption of the "social contract."
B) equal citizens obeying the laws they had made themselves.
C) the total absence of any restraints within a society.
D) the ability of human beings to think on their own.
E) having nothing left to lose.

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

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Which philosophe's novel Emile,emphasized that women were inherently dependent on men?


A) Diderot.
B) Voltaire.
C) Rousseau.
D) Locke.
E) Wollstonecraft.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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Rousseau,like most Philosophes,stressed reason as the most important attribute of human beings.

A) True
B) False

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Although the majority of people possessed few books,at most a Bible and one or two other religious works,it appears now that literacy rates were much higher than had previously been believed,perhaps as high as _________% for men and _________% for women in European urban centers.


A) 85;60
B) 70;30
C) 55;25
D) 40;20
E) 20;10

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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For the philosophers,an important implication of John Locke's tabula rasa was:


A) that all human beings are equal in natural and all other rights.
B) its emphasis on political and economic liberalism.
C) that private property was the foundation of all legitimate government.
D) that environment determines all social progress.
E) that human beings were set in their behavior from birth.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Enlightenment critiques took on many forms;which is not one of those forms?


A) Essay.
B) Political tract.
C) Mathematical formula.
D) Satirical engraving.
E) Novel.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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The eighteenth century saw the birth of a new literary genre,the novel,and the growing acceptance of women as authors.The most famous woman from this period,as recognized today,was the English novelist:


A) George Eliot.
B) George Sand.
C) Moll Flanders.
D) Jane Austen.
E) Mary Ann Evans.

F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

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