Question 1

Refer to the figure below.  The figure shows activities at the active site of the enzyme hexokinase as it catalyzes a reaction between ATP and glucose.Based on this figure, it can be inferred that the magnesium ion functions to _______ the ATP molecule so it can be attacked by glucose.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure below.  The...

Question 2

The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy in the universe is

Accepted Answer

A)   decreasing.
B)   increasing.
C)   constant.
D)   being converted to free energy.
E)   being converted to matter.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 3

When energy is converted from one form to another, only some of the energy is usable.The unusable energy is released to a form associated with disorder.A measure of this disorder is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   free energy.
B)   entropy.
C)   enthalpy.
D)   thermodynamics.
E)   equilibrium.F) A) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 4

Enzymes function as biological _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Enzymes function as biological _______....

Question 5

In some cases, a substrate-enzyme complex is stabilized by

Accepted Answer

A)   peptide bonds.
B)   disulfide bonds.
C)   ester bonds.
D)   hydrogen bonds.
E)   phosphate bonds.F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 6

What features of an enzyme's active site allow it to recognize and bind a substrate?

Accepted Answer

A)   The active site shape is specific for the substrate.
B)   The active site shape is specific for the products.
C)   The active site is highly versatile and can bind a wide variety of molecules.
D)   The active site is buried deep within a hydrophobic region of the enzyme.
E)   The active site has a different shape than the substrate.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

Refer to the figure below.  Portions of three biosynthetic pathways regulated through feedback inhibition and activation are shown.Two of these pathways intersect at carbamoyl phosphate.The third pathway generates a product that activates production of carbamoyl phosphate through allosteric modification of the enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase.In this set of pathways, arginine biosynthesis is shut down through feedback inhibition when _______ and arginine reach high levels of concentration.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure below.  Portions...

Question 8

Which are biological examples of potential energy (PE)  and kinetic energy (KE) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   PE = concentration gradient; KE = chemical bonds
B)   PE = muscle contraction; KE = electrical charge imbalance
C)   PE = chemical bonds; KE = ion movement across a membrane
D)   PE = electrical charge imbalance; KE = concentration gradient
E)   PE = protein conformational change; KE = muscle contractionF) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 9

Consider two enzyme reaction solutions.Solution 1 has a ratio of enzyme to substrate of 1:100.Solution 2 has a ratio of enzyme to substrate of 100:1.Both solutions contain the same quantity of enzyme.Which reaction gives the greater reaction rate, and why?

Accepted Answer

A)   Solution 1, because the enzyme has much more available substrate than in solution 2.
B)   Solution 1, because the enzyme has much less available substrate than in solution 2.
C)   Solution 2, because the enzyme is saturated in this solution but not in solution 1.
D)   Solution 2, because the enzyme is not saturated in this solution but is saturated in solution 1.
E)   Both have the same reaction rate, because they contain the same quantity of enzyme.F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 10

Refer to the figure below.  The figure illustrates how _______ of a key enzyme in a metabolic pathway can shift the flow of molecules into a different pathway.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure below.  The...

Question 11

Refer to the figures below.  These figures can be used to illustrate the first and second laws of thermodynamics.Assign each figure to one of these laws, then explain the difference between the figures.

Accepted Answer

Figure 1 illustrates the first law and F...

Question 12

Refer to the expression and table below.   The enzyme tryptophanase catalyzes the reaction shown.However, research has revealed that compounds other than tryptophan can act as substrates for this enzyme.Some of these compounds are listed in the table along with their dissociation constants.What does the information in the table indicate about the affinity of the enzyme for compounds other than its natural substrate, tryptophan?

Accepted Answer

The results indicate that all but one of...

Question 13

An inhibitor that binds reversibly to the active site is termed a(n)  _______ inhibitor, whereas an inhibitor that binds reversibly to the enzyme-substrate complex is termed a(n)  _______ inhibitor.

Accepted Answer

A)   competitive; noncompetitive
B)   competitive; uncompetitive
C)   uncompetitive; competitive
D)   noncompetitive; uncompetitive
E)   uncompetitive; noncompetitiveF) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 14

In solution, ATP is readily hydrolyzed into

Accepted Answer

A)   ribose and three phosphate ions.
B)   ADP and one phosphate ion.
C)   AMP and two pyrophosphate ions.
D)   ADP and adenosine.
E)   adenine and three phosphate ions.F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 15

Refer to the figure below.  Based on the graph, which statement best describes these chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)   Addition of a catalyst to a reaction does not affect the equilibrium position of the reaction, but only increases the rate of attainment of equilibrium.
B)   Addition of a catalyst to a reaction speeds up the reaction by decreasing the amount of energy input needed to get over the activation energy barrier.
C)   Addition of heat to a reaction speeds up the reaction by increasing the kinetic energy of reactant molecules, which increases collisions that result in products.
D)   Addition of energy must be made to exergonic reactions in order to allow reactants to achieve the transition state that can then proceed spontaneously to form products.
E)   Addition of energy to an endergonic reaction above that needed to go from reactants to products must be made in order to allow reactants to achieve the transition state.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 16

Denatured enzymes are

Accepted Answer

A)   ribozymes.
B)   synthesized in vitro.
C)   allosteric enzymes.
D)   nonfunctional enzymes.
E)   converted to coenzymes.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 17

Glycogen is a large molecule consisting of hundreds of molecules of glucose bonded together, and thus plays an energy storage role in animal cells.The chemical reaction that adds glucose units onto a glycogen molecule is an example of a(n) _______ reaction in the cell's metabolism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Glycogen is a large molecule consisting of...

Question 18

Refer to the figure below.  Which type of mechanism used by an enzyme to catalyze a reaction is illustrated in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)   Covalent catalysis
B)   Acid-base catalysis
C)   Metal ion catalysis
D)   Induced fit
E)   Induced strainF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 19

Refer to the table below.  Of the four reactions listed in the table, the one that is spontaneous under all temperature conditions is reaction _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the table below.  Of...

Question 20

It is estimated that approximately 90 percent of energy that passes between levels in a food web is lost at each level.Explain the first law of thermodynamics, and discuss why this apparent loss of energy does not contradict that law.

Accepted Answer

The first law of thermodynamics states t...

Exam 8: Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Correct Answer
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The results indicate that all but one of...
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In solution, ATP is readily hydrolyzed into

Correct Answer
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Refer to the figures below. These figures can be used to illustrate the first and second laws of thermodynamics.Assign each figure to one of these laws, then explain the difference between the figures.

Correct Answer
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Figure 1 illustrates the first law and F...
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Which are biological examples of potential energy (PE) and kinetic energy (KE) ?

Correct Answer
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Glycogen is a large molecule consisting of hundreds of molecules of glucose bonded together, and thus plays an energy storage role in animal cells.The chemical reaction that adds glucose units onto a glycogen molecule is an example of a(n) _______ reaction in the cell's metabolism.

Correct Answer
verified

The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy in the universe is

Correct Answer
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Refer to the figure below. Which type of mechanism used by an enzyme to catalyze a reaction is illustrated in the figure?

Correct Answer
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Consider two enzyme reaction solutions.Solution 1 has a ratio of enzyme to substrate of 1:100.Solution 2 has a ratio of enzyme to substrate of 100:1.Both solutions contain the same quantity of enzyme.Which reaction gives the greater reaction rate, and why?

Correct Answer
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Refer to the figure below. Based on the graph, which statement best describes these chemical reactions?

Correct Answer
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Enzymes function as biological _______.

Correct Answer
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It is estimated that approximately 90 percent of energy that passes between levels in a food web is lost at each level.Explain the first law of thermodynamics, and discuss why this apparent loss of energy does not contradict that law.

Correct Answer
verified
The first law of thermodynamics states t...
View Answer

What features of an enzyme's active site allow it to recognize and bind a substrate?

Correct Answer
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Denatured enzymes are

Correct Answer
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Refer to the figure below. The figure shows activities at the active site of the enzyme hexokinase as it catalyzes a reaction between ATP and glucose.Based on this figure, it can be inferred that the magnesium ion functions to _______ the ATP molecule so it can be attacked by glucose.

Correct Answer
verified

An inhibitor that binds reversibly to the active site is termed a(n) _ inhibitor, whereas an inhibitor that binds reversibly to the enzyme-substrate complex is termed a(n) _ inhibitor.

Correct Answer
verified

When energy is converted from one form to another, only some of the energy is usable.The unusable energy is released to a form associated with disorder.A measure of this disorder is referred to as

Correct Answer
verified

Refer to the figure below. The figure illustrates how _______ of a key enzyme in a metabolic pathway can shift the flow of molecules into a different pathway.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In some cases, a substrate-enzyme complex is stabilized by

Correct Answer
verified

Refer to the table below. Of the four reactions listed in the table, the one that is spontaneous under all temperature conditions is reaction _______.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 8: Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Correct AnswerverifiedThe results indicate that all but one of...View AnswerShow Answer

In solution, ATP is readily hydrolyzed into

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Refer to the figures below. These figures can be used to illustrate the first and second laws of thermodynamics.Assign each figure to one of these laws, then explain the difference between the figures.

Correct AnswerverifiedFigure 1 illustrates the first law and F...View AnswerShow Answer

Which are biological examples of potential energy (PE) and kinetic energy (KE) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glycogen is a large molecule consisting of hundreds of molecules of glucose bonded together, and thus plays an energy storage role in animal cells.The chemical reaction that adds glucose units onto a glycogen molecule is an example of a(n) _______ reaction in the cell's metabolism.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy in the universe is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Refer to the figure below. Which type of mechanism used by an enzyme to catalyze a reaction is illustrated in the figure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Consider two enzyme reaction solutions.Solution 1 has a ratio of enzyme to substrate of 1:100.Solution 2 has a ratio of enzyme to substrate of 100:1.Both solutions contain the same quantity of enzyme.Which reaction gives the greater reaction rate, and why?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Refer to the figure below. Based on the graph, which statement best describes these chemical reactions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Enzymes function as biological _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is estimated that approximately 90 percent of energy that passes between levels in a food web is lost at each level.Explain the first law of thermodynamics, and discuss why this apparent loss of energy does not contradict that law.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe first law of thermodynamics states t...View AnswerShow Answer

What features of an enzyme's active site allow it to recognize and bind a substrate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Denatured enzymes are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Refer to the figure below. The figure shows activities at the active site of the enzyme hexokinase as it catalyzes a reaction between ATP and glucose.Based on this figure, it can be inferred that the magnesium ion functions to _______ the ATP molecule so it can be attacked by glucose.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An inhibitor that binds reversibly to the active site is termed a(n) _______ inhibitor, whereas an inhibitor that binds reversibly to the enzyme-substrate complex is termed a(n) _______ inhibitor.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When energy is converted from one form to another, only some of the energy is usable.The unusable energy is released to a form associated with disorder.A measure of this disorder is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Refer to the figure below. The figure illustrates how _______ of a key enzyme in a metabolic pathway can shift the flow of molecules into a different pathway.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In some cases, a substrate-enzyme complex is stabilized by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Refer to the table below. Of the four reactions listed in the table, the one that is spontaneous under all temperature conditions is reaction _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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The results indicate that all but one of...
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Figure 1 illustrates the first law and F...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The first law of thermodynamics states t...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

An inhibitor that binds reversibly to the active site is termed a(n) _ inhibitor, whereas an inhibitor that binds reversibly to the enzyme-substrate complex is termed a(n) _ inhibitor.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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