Question 1

When a small-molecule neurotransmitter molecule binds to an ionotropic receptor,the

Accepted Answer

A)   cell fires.
B)   cell stops firing.
C)   ligand is deactivated.
D)   associated ion channel opens or closes.
E)   EPSP gradually increases.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 2

Which neurotransmitters are often released from string-of-beads axons?

Accepted Answer

A)   monoamines
B)   amino acids
C)   glutamate and GABA
D)   soluble gases
E)   peptidesF) All of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 3

Discuss three ways that drugs produce agonistic effects and three ways that they produce antagonistic effects.Provide specific examples.

Accepted Answer

35% for describing three mechanisms of a...

Question 4

Which of the following are considered to be small-molecule neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

A)   neuropeptide transmitters
B)   monoamine neurotransmitters
C)   amino acid neurotransmitters
D)   both A and B
E)   both B and CF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

Glycine,aspartate,and glutamate are

Accepted Answer

A)   amino acid neurotransmitters.
B)   small-molecule neurotransmitters.
C)   transmitters at fast-acting, directed synapses.
D)   building blocks of proteins.
E)   all of the aboveF) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 6

EPSPs are

Accepted Answer

A)   graded responses.
B)   postsynaptic responses.
C)   transmitted decrementally.
D)   depolarizations.
E)   all of the aboveF) D) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

Many buttons contain two sizes of vesicles; the larger ones typically contain

Accepted Answer

A)   small-molecule neurotransmitters.
B)   neuropeptides.
C)   acetylcholine.
D)   dopamine.
E)   glutamate.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 8

Dopamine is not an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease because

Accepted Answer

A)   dopaminergic neurons are restricted to the PNS.
B)   Parkinson's disease is a cholinergic dysfunction.
C)   Parkinson's disease is a noradrenergic dysfunction.
D)   d'Orta is the treatment of choice.
E)   dopamine does not readily penetrate the blood-brain barrier.F) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 9

The brief period of time immediately after the initiation of an action potential,when it is absolutely impossible to initiate another one in the same neuron,is called the

Accepted Answer

A)   threshold of excitation.
B)   threshold of inhibition.
C)   absolute refractory period.
D)   IPSP.
E)   relative refractory period.F) All of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 10

Nitric oxide

Accepted Answer

A)   is a soluble gas neurotransmitter.
B)   is considered to be an unconventional neurotransmitter.
C)   participates in retrograde synaptic transmission.
D)   all of the above
E)   both A and BF) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 11

This drug is a muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist; it is an extract of the belladonna plant; and it has pupil-dilating effects:

Accepted Answer

A)   atropine.
B)   curare.
C)   morphine.
D)   opium.
E)   librium.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 12

Vesicles travel from the cell body to the buttons

Accepted Answer

A)   on action potentials.
B)   along microtubules.
C)   at a rate of about 40 centimeters per second.
D)   at a rate of about 40 centimeters per day.
E)   both B and DF) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 13

Drugs that facilitate the activity of the synapses of a particular neurotransmitter are said to be __________ of that neurotransmitter.

Accepted Answer

A)   facilitators
B)   agonists
C)   antagonists
D)   autoreceptors
E)   endorphinsF) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 14

A neuron normally fires when

Accepted Answer

A)   its sodium-potassium pumps are stimulated.
B)   there is an EPSP.
C)   there is an IPSP.
D)   the degree of depolarization on the axon adjacent to the hillock exceeds the threshold of excitation.
E)   its buttons are stimulated.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 15

In large myelinated human motor neurons,impulses travel at about

Accepted Answer

A)   the speed of light.
B)   186,000 miles per second.
C)   1 meter per second.
D)   60 meters per second.
E)   100 meters per second.F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 16

Sodium-potassium pumps maintain the resting membrane potential by transporting

Accepted Answer

A)   Na⁺ ions into neurons.
B)   K⁺ ions into neurons.
C)   Na⁺ ions out of neurons.
D)   both A and B
E)   both B and CF) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 17

A change in the resting potential of a postsynaptic dendrite from -70 mV to -72 mV is called

Accepted Answer

A)   an IPSP.
B)   an EPSP.
C)   a depolarization.
D)   both A and C
E)   both B and CF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 18

The first event in the generation of an action potential is the opening of __________-activated sodium channels.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first event in the generation of...

Question 19

Once released,neurotransmitter molecules typically produce signals in postsynaptic neurons by

Accepted Answer

A)   binding to presynaptic receptors.
B)   binding to postsynaptic receptors.
C)   entering postsynaptic neurons.
D)   binding directly to calcium ions.
E)   attaching to vesicles.F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 20

Drugs that degrade vesicles and cause the neurotransmitter molecules to leak into the cytoplasm,where they are destroyed by enzymes,are

Accepted Answer

A)   receptor blockers.
B)   agonists of the neurotransmitter.
C)   antagonists of the neurotransmitter.
D)   autoreceptor blockers.
E)   amino acids.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Exam 4: Neural Conduction and Synaptic Transmission

In large myelinated human motor neurons,impulses travel at about

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A neuron normally fires when

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Drugs that facilitate the activity of the synapses of a particular neurotransmitter are said to be __________ of that neurotransmitter.

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Dopamine is not an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease because

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The first event in the generation of an action potential is the opening of __________-activated sodium channels.

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Once released,neurotransmitter molecules typically produce signals in postsynaptic neurons by

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Discuss three ways that drugs produce agonistic effects and three ways that they produce antagonistic effects.Provide specific examples.

Correct Answerverified35% for describing three mechanisms of a...View AnswerShow Answer

Which neurotransmitters are often released from string-of-beads axons?

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Drugs that degrade vesicles and cause the neurotransmitter molecules to leak into the cytoplasm,where they are destroyed by enzymes,are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a small-molecule neurotransmitter molecule binds to an ionotropic receptor,the

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Glycine,aspartate,and glutamate are

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EPSPs are

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A change in the resting potential of a postsynaptic dendrite from -70 mV to -72 mV is called

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Many buttons contain two sizes of vesicles; the larger ones typically contain

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Vesicles travel from the cell body to the buttons

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Sodium-potassium pumps maintain the resting membrane potential by transporting

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Which of the following are considered to be small-molecule neurotransmitters?

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Nitric oxide

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This drug is a muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist; it is an extract of the belladonna plant; and it has pupil-dilating effects:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The brief period of time immediately after the initiation of an action potential,when it is absolutely impossible to initiate another one in the same neuron,is called the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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