Question 1

The cohort-sequential design eliminates generation effects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of the following is an advantage of a cross-sectional design?

Accepted Answer

A)   It remains unaffected by the influence of generational differences in experience.
B)   It permits one to obtain useful developmental data in a relatively short period.
C)   It effectively determines whether factors other than age influence the observed changes in behavior.
D)   It lets one evaluate the impact of a quasi-independent variable under naturally occurring conditions.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

You include a set of four tasks under one level of your independent variable and a different set of four tasks under the other level. Your experimental design is a _____ design.

Accepted Answer

A)   Latin square
B)   combined
C)   nested
D)   completely counterbalancedE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 4

A particular problem with the pretest-posttest strategy is that participants may be sensitized by the pretest, causing them to perform differently.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following designs permits researchers to see developmental changes clearly and as they occur, thereby making the design worth the rather large investment of time it takes to collect data?

Accepted Answer

A)   The cohort-sequential design
B)   The interrupted time series design
C)   The longitudinal design
D)   The Solomon four-group designE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 6

According to Campbell and Stanley (1963) , which of the following is a remedy for pretest sensitization?

Accepted Answer

A)   Using a cohort-sequential design
B)   Simply eliminating the pretest
C)   Allowing several weeks to elapse between the pretest and posttest
D)   None of the answers is correct.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

One way to combine experimental and correlational variables is to include:

Accepted Answer

A)   a between-subjects and a within-subjects factor in an experimental design.
B)   a quasi-independent variable.
C)   multiple dependent variables in an experiment.
D)   All of the answers are correct.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

When evaluating the impact of a new policy on the productivity of factory workers, you would most likely use a:

Accepted Answer

A)   pretest-posttest design.
B)   cross-sectional design.
C)   cohort-sequential design.
D)   None of the answers is correct.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 9

Subject mortality, testing effects, and the cross-generational effects are drawbacks associated with the:

Accepted Answer

A)   cohort-sequential design.
B)   cross-sectional design.
C)   longitudinal design.
D)   None of the answers is correct.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Define a covariate, and indicate how it can be used in an experimental design. What are the advantages and disadvantages of including a covariate in the experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A covariate is a variable that is not of...

Question 11

In most cases, you have total control over potential confounding variables in a quasi experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The Solomon four-group design allows to test for pretest sensitization effects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Experimental designs fail to determine whether the relationships that exist between variables are causal ones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Discuss the drawbacks associated with quasi-experimental strategies.

Accepted Answer

Quasi-experimental strategies, while the...

Question 15

You conduct a quasi-experiment to assess the impact of raising the speed limit from 55 to 65 miles per hour. You find out that there were more accidents at higher speeds. Although it is tempting to say that raising the speed limit caused higher accident rates, you must be careful because:

Accepted Answer

A)   you did not actually manipulate an independent variable.
B)   drivers may have exceeded the 65-mile-per-hour speed limit.
C)   other variables (for example, cheaper gasoline or the season of the year during which the change was instituted)  may also be affecting accident rates.
D)   None of the answers is correct.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Explain how you can include a quasi-independent variable in an experiment. What are the advantages and disadvantages of including the variable in an experimental design?

Accepted Answer

Including a quasi-independent variable i...

Question 17

When using naturally occurring events as quasi-independent variables, one of the drawbacks is that:

Accepted Answer

A)   such events rarely occur.
B)   one has no control over when the event will occur.
C)   the events are usually too subtle to have a great impact on behavior.
D)   None of the answers is correct.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Campbell and Stanley (1963)  point out that although the two-group pretest-posttest design ensures a degree of internal validity, _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   identifying causal relationships is difficult
B)   establishing the statistical significance of your results is difficult
C)   it does not preclude problems with external validity
D)   None of the answers is correct.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 19

A mixed design is a type of factorial design that combines between-subjects and within-subjects factors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A quasi-independent variable is created by randomly assigning subjects to groups irrespective of the characteristics that the subjects possess.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 11: Using Specialized Research Designs

Campbell and Stanley (1963) point out that although the two-group pretest-posttest design ensures a degree of internal validity, _____.

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When using naturally occurring events as quasi-independent variables, one of the drawbacks is that:

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Define a covariate, and indicate how it can be used in an experimental design. What are the advantages and disadvantages of including a covariate in the experimental design?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIA covariate is a variable that is not of...View AnswerShow Answer

In most cases, you have total control over potential confounding variables in a quasi experiment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Solomon four-group design allows to test for pretest sensitization effects.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When evaluating the impact of a new policy on the productivity of factory workers, you would most likely use a:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A quasi-independent variable is created by randomly assigning subjects to groups irrespective of the characteristics that the subjects possess.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Campbell and Stanley (1963) , which of the following is a remedy for pretest sensitization?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an advantage of a cross-sectional design?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Experimental designs fail to determine whether the relationships that exist between variables are causal ones.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You conduct a quasi-experiment to assess the impact of raising the speed limit from 55 to 65 miles per hour. You find out that there were more accidents at higher speeds. Although it is tempting to say that raising the speed limit caused higher accident rates, you must be careful because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following designs permits researchers to see developmental changes clearly and as they occur, thereby making the design worth the rather large investment of time it takes to collect data?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A particular problem with the pretest-posttest strategy is that participants may be sensitized by the pretest, causing them to perform differently.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cohort-sequential design eliminates generation effects.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Subject mortality, testing effects, and the cross-generational effects are drawbacks associated with the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain how you can include a quasi-independent variable in an experiment. What are the advantages and disadvantages of including the variable in an experimental design?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIIncluding a quasi-independent variable i...View AnswerShow Answer

One way to combine experimental and correlational variables is to include:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You include a set of four tasks under one level of your independent variable and a different set of four tasks under the other level. Your experimental design is a _____ design.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A mixed design is a type of factorial design that combines between-subjects and within-subjects factors.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss the drawbacks associated with quasi-experimental strategies.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIQuasi-experimental strategies, while the...View AnswerShow Answer

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A covariate is a variable that is not of...
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Answered by ExamLex AI
Including a quasi-independent variable i...
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Answered by ExamLex AI
Quasi-experimental strategies, while the...
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