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Exam 7: Failed Socialization

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Question 31

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According to John Bowlby, affectionless characters lack the ability to empathize with others and do not see or feel the pain that harm may cause others.

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B) False

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Question 32

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$\begin{array}{llcc} \text {TABLE 7.1 Grasmick's Characteristics of Low Self-Control } & \\\hline \text { } &\\ \text {Impulsive } &\\ \text { Seeks Instant Gratification } &\\ \text {Low Levels of Diligence, Tenadity, and Persistence } &\\ \text { Seeks Sensation and Excitement } &\\ \text {Prefers Simple Physical Tasks over Complex, Intellectual Tasks } & \\ \text { Self-centered } &\\ \text {Insensitive to Others' Needs } &\\ \text {Low Tolerance to Frustration } &\\ \text { Addresses Conflict though Confrontation} &\\\hline \text { SOURCE: Grasmick 1994. } &\\\end{array}$ -According to self-control theory, parenting involves the control of deviant behavior or normative regulation that requires that someone monitor behavior, recognize deviant behavior when it occurs, and correct or punish it. What does this mean? Please explain.

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Question 33

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Once successfully labeled, a person is subject to the negative effects of the label itself, which provides what Howard Becker called a ___________. Being caught and publicly labeled as an offender "has important consequences for one's further social participation and self-image."

A ___________ is a place where similarly classified people are forced to live, work, and play together around activities consistent with the goals of the institution.

According to ___________ theory, we see ourselves through the mirror of others, as they react to what they see in us.

Attachment theory predicts that the most problematic individuals will be those who:

What significantly affects socialization are the social bonds of attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief formed between children and conventional others, such as teachers and parents.

In control theory, being socialized is not about learning behavior, but about knowing and caring about the consequences of behavior.

According to interactionist theory that underlies labeling theory, we discover self-identity through symbolic communication in interaction and role-play with others in social contexts.

Einstadter and Henry summarized four policy components of labeling theory identified in the literature. One component, ___________ is a policy that redirects those engaged in minor law violations, especially status offenses such as truancy, runaways, and curfew violation, away from the courts through informal processes leading to non-correctional settings.

According to Edwin Lemert, everyone engages in forms of secondary deviance, and alone it has little consequence for a person's social identity, provided that the person has a strong self-image.

While expressing social disapproval, ___________ also provides the social process mechanisms to bring those censured back into the community, reaffirming that they are morally good-only a part of their total behavior is unacceptable.

Developing self-control over one's behavior comes mainly from parenting practices in particular in __________ them when they deviate, which involves monitoring, recognizing deviance, and correcting it.

Drawing on ideas about offenders' failure to internalize personal self-control and the absence of direct external social controls such as law and informal social control, F. Ivan Nye distinguished between multiple kinds of controls. __________ control protects youths from delinquency through their wish to avoid hurting intimates, such as parents.

Learning __________ is a crucial element in the process of resisting the impulse to law violation.

For Travis Hirschi, the social bond consists of four components. ____________ signifies the individual's investment in conventional behavior, including a willingness to do what is promised and respecting others' expectations. This involves a cost-benefit analysis of what degree of previous investment or stake in conformity would be lost if one were to participate in the act.

___________ theorists are concerned with the failure of socialization. However, instead of focusing on bonds, they examine the social reaction component of interaction with society's control agents.

For Travis Hirschi, the social bond consists of four components. ____________ describes the time and energy spent on participation in conventional activities. Since time and energy are limited, the more time spent doing conventional activities, the less time is available for deviant acts.