A) Monk-knights who established a headquarters in the former temple of Solomon.
B) German merchants who set up a hospital.
C) Italian maritime tradesmen who provided ships to reach Jerusalem.
D) Dedicated volunteers who secured Syria as a Crusader State.
E) Slave traders who followed the Crusaders into siege and captured the conquered.
G) A) and B)
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A) The nobility had to recognize that the church had higher authority than the laity.
B) The church and state were entirely separate in legal jurisdictions.
C) The laity could not hand symbols of office to the clergy but could give them symbols of temporal authority.
D) The emperor had power over anyone in his land, clergy or laity.
E) The pope could negate vows of allegiance to a temporal lord.
G) B) and C)
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A) the primacy of the pope's authority was unquestioned.
B) those who paid a premium to the church were accorded commemorative masses.
C) the first-born sons of the nobility gained titles and property.
D) the age of majority was defined by conferring the sacrament of Confirmation.
E) None of these.
G) A) and D)
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A) Franciscans
B) Poor Clares
C) Dominicans
D) Benedictines
E) Ursalines
G) A) and B)
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A) standards of clerical behavior.
B) that the pope was the highest authority in Christendom.
C) that Christians had to go to confession once a year.
D) that close relatives could not marry each other.
E) that everyone had to tithe 10 percent of their earnings to the church.
G) A) and C)
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A) better communication and less isolation among scholars.
B) the translation of Aristotle's works into Latin.
C) the commentaries of Muslim scholars.
D) Maimonides' interpretations of Aristotle in Hebrew and Arabic.
E) All of these.
G) A) and C)
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B) False
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A) was married.
B) was chosen by the Holy Roman emperor rather than church officials.
C) had never been a monk.
D) was illiterate.
E) adhered to the Cistercian model of austerity, which many monks hated.
G) A) and E)
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A) She was not Roman Christian.
B) She refused to marry for political alliances.
C) She established a career as an abbotess.
D) She inherited large amounts of land.
E) She was crowned as co-ruler with Henry II.
G) B) and D)
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A) Acre.
B) Damascus.
C) Jerusalem.
D) Constantinople.
E) Lisbon.
G) A) and D)
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A) Pope Innocent III
B) Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I
C) Dominic Guzman
D) King Philip Augustus of France
E) Francis of Assisi
G) D) and E)
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A
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A) assert that faith was necessary before reason.
B) attempt a complete statement of Christian philosophy.
C) establish all rules of the Lateran councils in one document.
D) explain why the Pope was a higher authority than a king.
E) refute the words of Peter Abelard.
G) B) and D)
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The council's pronouncements included re...View Answer
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A) declared that knights could not take weapons into church.
B) declared that fighting had to be approved by an oath before God.
C) ended the conflicts among the various monastic orders.
D) allowed fighting only on certain days of the week.
E) prohibited violence against women, the poor, and clergy.
G) All of the above
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Beckett had been a long-time friend and aide to King Henry II of England,acting as his chancellor,even while being a member of the church.Ultimately promoted to archbishop of Canterbury despite the wishes of the previous archbishop,Beckett had a spiritual reawakening and declined to be Henry's man any longer.Henry was working to limit the power of the church and centralize secular power,and Beckett felt that was contrary to his interests,and so he resigned as chancellor.At odds with Henry,Beckett was ultimately exiled to France and then to Rome,and the conflict continued.Beckett excommunicated the king,even though he was not in England.When the king met with Beckett to form some kind of reconciliation,Beckett came back to England but refused to lift the excommunication.Exasperated,Henry inadvertently gave the indication to several of his courtiers that they should kill Beckett.Beckett was canonized three years later as a defender of the faith and a martyr.This event is significant as one of a series of conflicts between church and state because each tried to gain power at the expense of the other and continued to argue over whose influence was greatest.The king of England,in this case,tried to appoint his own political supporters to church positions over the objections of the church,stripped lands away from churches,and ultimately tried to remove clergy members from the jurisdiction of canon law.However,he was subject to the one church power that he could not overcome: excommunication.
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A) Conrad III died on the way.
B) there was no support from the Knights Templar because France was involved.
C) Saladin overthrew the military forces at Jerusalem.
D) the Crusaders were guilty of sin, according to the pope.
E) there was a massive surge of Muslim forces from south of Damascus.
G) A) and C)
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A) impressive.
B) talkative.
C) deeply religious.
D) chivalric.
E) curious.
G) None of the above
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A) papal decree.
B) monks.
C) knights.
D) royal messengers.
E) troubadors.
G) A) and D)
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Two specific incidents gave rise to the ...View Answer
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A) They forced the nobility to provide military service.
B) They initiated the parliament.
C) They prevented the nobility from building new castles without licenses.
D) They demanded taxes from the nobility.
E) They required participation in the Crusades by law.
G) A) and C)
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C
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