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Which of the following types of speech receives the greatest level of First Amendment protection?


A) slander
B) pornography
C) obscenity
D) libel
E) political speech that stops short of inciting violence

F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

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Members of Congress have frequently proposed a constitutional amendment to make flag burning a crime because


A) state laws that make flag burning a crime are too lenient.
B) state laws that make flag burning a crime are too harsh.
C) the only way to overturn the Supreme Court's ruling that flag burning is protected speech is through a constitutional amendment.
D) the Supreme Court has ruled that flag burning is a crime and that the Constitution should be updated to reflect this reality.
E) the Constitution must be made consistent with all of the state laws that also make flag burning a crime.

F) All of the above
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following is true about high school students in public schools?


A) High school students have the same free speech rights as adults.
B) The justices have always provided a broad protection of free speech rights for high school students.
C) both a and b
D) High school students have conditionally protected speech.
E) High school students have no free speech rights whatsoever.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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________ is a law that declares a person guilty of a crime without a trial.


A) Habeas corpus
B) Ex post facto
C) A bill of attainder
D) An executive order
E) A writ of judicial error

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Miranda v. Arizona (1966) was important because it produced rules that must be used


A) to determine if separation between church and state has been violated.
B) to judge whether or not printed materials are pornographic.
C) to determine if some element of the Bill of Rights should be applied to the states.
D) to determine whether a warrant should be issued for a police search.
E) by the police before questioning an arrested criminal suspect.

F) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

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The Religious Freedom Restoration Act, passed by Congress in 1993, was an attempt to


A) recognize Judeo-Christianity as the unofficial religion of the United States.
B) give more protection to religious freedoms than the Supreme Court allowed.
C) establish a federal school voucher program.
D) permit prayer in public schools.
E) limit the kinds of religious ceremonies that nonmainstream religious organizations conducted at their services.

F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

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Freedom of speech and of the press have a special place in American democracy because


A) free and open debate is an essential mechanism for determining the quality and validity of competing ideas.
B) they are the only liberties explicitly mentioned in the Bill of Rights.
C) they were the last provisions in the Bill of Rights to be incorporated through the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
D) they have never been restricted by any law in the history of the United States.
E) they were the only liberties explicitly mentioned in Article I of the Constitution.

F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

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The Bill of Rights was ratified by the states in ________.


A) 1776
B) 1787
C) 1791
D) 1802
E) 1812

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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What was the main reason that Alexander Hamilton did NOT want a bill of rights?


A) He wanted the national government to have as much power as possible.
B) He believed that too many individual liberties destroyed the trust between citizen and government.
C) He believed it was unnecessary for a national government that possessed only specifically delegated powers.
D) He believed a bill of rights would make the Constitution too specific and cumbersome.
E) He believed a bill of rights would lead to many frivolous lawsuits.

F) D) and E)
G) All of the above

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The Eighth Amendment prohibits


A) double jeopardy.
B) cruel and unusual punishment.
C) denial of a lawyer in felony trials.
D) the violation of habeas corpus.
E) unlawful searches and seizures.

F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

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