Question 1

Which of these species was apparently the first to craft stone tools?

Accepted Answer

A)  Australopithecus garhi
B)  H)  erectus
C)  H)  ergaster
D)  H)  habilis
E)  H)  sapiensF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 2

Why is the amniotic egg considered an important evolutionary breakthrough?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has a shell that increases gas exchange.
B)  It allows deposition of eggs in a terrestrial environment.
C)  It prolongs embryonic development.
D)  It provides insulation to conserve heat.
E)  It permits internal fertilization to be replaced by external fertilization.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 3

There is evidence that ray-finned fishes evolved

Accepted Answer

A)  in response to a crisis that wiped out the chondrichthyans.
B)  directly from lampreys and hagfish.
C)  early in the Cambrian period.
D)  directly from lancelets.
E)  the swim bladder from a lung.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 4

To which of the following are the scales of chondrichthyans most closely related in a structural sense?

Accepted Answer

A)  osteichthyan scales
B)  reptilian scales
C)  mammalian scales
D)  bird scales
E)  chondrichthyan teethF) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 5

Birds generate a lot of heat,especially during flight.Yet the adipose tissue under their skin and the feathers atop their skin make it difficult to eliminate excess heat across the skin.Which of the following alternatives can absorb body heat and eliminate it from the bird most effectively?

Accepted Answer

A)  air in the air sacs
B)  lymph in the lymphatic vessels
C)  blood in the vessels
D)  blood in the heart
E)  urine in the bladderF) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 6

The organisms represented by number 8 are

Accepted Answer

A)  birds.
B)  mammals.
C)  nonbird, terrestrial reptiles.
D)  aquatic reptiles.
E)  all mammals except humans.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 7

Which of the following represents the strongest evidence that two of the three middle ear bones of mammals are homologous to certain reptilian jawbones?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are similar in size to the reptilian jawbones.
B)  They are similar in shape to the reptilian jawbones.
C)  The mammalian jaw has fewer bones than does the reptilian jaw.
D)  These bones can be observed to move from the developing jaw to the developing middle ear in mammalian embryos.
E)  Mammals can hear better than reptiles.F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 8

Which of these would a paleontologist be most likely to do in order to determine whether a fossil represents a reptile or a mammal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Look for the presence of milk-producing glands.
B)  Look for the mammalian characteristics of a four-chambered heart and a diaphragm.
C)  Because mammals are eutherians, look for evidence of a placenta.
D)  Use molecular analysis to look for the protein keratin.
E)  Examine the teeth.F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 9

Internal fertilization,leathery amniotic egg,and skin that resists drying are characteristics of

Accepted Answer

A)  amphibians.
B)  nonbird reptiles.
C)  chondrichthyans.
D)  mammals.
E)  birds.F) A) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 10

Which shark structure is most analogous to a swim bladder full of gas?

Accepted Answer

A)  its lateral line system
B)  its spiral valve
C)  its liver
D)  its dead-end nostrils
E)  its gillsF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 11

Which of these species was the first to have been adapted for long-distance bipedalism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Australopithecus garhi
B)  H)  erectus
C)  H)  ergaster
D)  H)  habilis
E)  H)  sapiensF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 12

We should expect the inner wall of the swim bladder to be lined with tissue that is derived from

Accepted Answer

A)  ectoderm.
B)  endoderm.
C)  mesoderm.
D)  mesoglea.
E)  neurectoderm.F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 13

Which of these characteristics added most to vertebrate success in relatively dry environments?

Accepted Answer

A)  the shelled, amniotic egg
B)  the ability to maintain a constant body temperature
C)  two pairs of appendages
D)  bony scales
E)  a four-chambered heartF) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 14

Which era is known as the "age of reptiles"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cenozoic
B)  Mesozoic
C)  Paleozoic
D)  Devonian
E)  CambrianF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 15

Which feature(s) allow(s) hibernating bats to conserve heat without using calories?

Accepted Answer

A)  shivering
B)  fur
C)  fat layer below the skin
D)  All three of the options listed are correct.
E)  Two of the options listed are correct.F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 16

The following questions refer to the phylogenetic tree shown below.
 
-Which pair of numbers represents extinct reptiles that had returned to an aquatic life?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 2
B)  3 and 4
C)  5 and 7
D)  6 and 8
E)  7 and 9F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 17

Why is the discovery of the fossil Archaeopteryx significant? It supports the

Accepted Answer

A)  phylogenetic relatedness of birds and reptiles.
B)  contention that birds are much older than we originally thought.
C)  claim that some dinosaurs had feathers well before birds had evolved.
D)  idea that the first birds were ratites.
E)  hypothesis that the earliest birds were ectothermic.F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 18

In which vertebrates is fertilization exclusively internal?

Accepted Answer

A)  chondrichthyans, osteichthyans, and mammals
B)  amphibians, mammals, and reptiles
C)  chondrichthyans, osteichthyans, and reptiles
D)  reptiles and mammals
E)  reptiles and amphibiansF) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 19

The reptile clade includes five,extant groups: tuataras,snakes and lizards,turtles,crocodilians,and birds.When you compare current textbooks with older textbooks,you notice that in older textbooks,birds were not included with reptiles.
-Based on current research data on birds and reptiles,what would be the most obvious reason(s) for the earlier classification?

Accepted Answer

A)  Birds are endotherms and the other lineages are ectotherms.
B)  Birds had feathers and could fly.
C)  Birds have no teeth and smaller skulls.
D)  Birds' eggs are very different from reptilian eggs.
E)  Both A and B are correct.F) All of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 20

If a ray-finned fish is to both hover (remain stationary) in the water column and ventilate its gills effectively,then what other structure besides its swim bladder will it use?

Accepted Answer

A)  its heart
B)  its pectoral fins
C)  its lateral line system
D)  its caudal (tail) fin
E)  its operculaF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Exam 34: The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Which feature(s) allow(s) hibernating bats to conserve heat without using calories?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of these species was apparently the first to craft stone tools?

Correct Answer
verified

If a ray-finned fish is to both hover (remain stationary) in the water column and ventilate its gills effectively,then what other structure besides its swim bladder will it use?

Correct Answer
verified

Why is the amniotic egg considered an important evolutionary breakthrough?

Correct Answer
verified

The organisms represented by number 8 are

Correct Answer
verified

In which vertebrates is fertilization exclusively internal?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of these species was the first to have been adapted for long-distance bipedalism?

Correct Answer
verified

There is evidence that ray-finned fishes evolved

Correct Answer
verified

Why is the discovery of the fossil Archaeopteryx significant? It supports the

Correct Answer
verified

Birds generate a lot of heat,especially during flight.Yet the adipose tissue under their skin and the feathers atop their skin make it difficult to eliminate excess heat across the skin.Which of the following alternatives can absorb body heat and eliminate it from the bird most effectively?

Correct Answer
verified

The following questions refer to the phylogenetic tree shown below. -Which pair of numbers represents extinct reptiles that had returned to an aquatic life?

Correct Answer
verified

To which of the following are the scales of chondrichthyans most closely related in a structural sense?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which of these would a paleontologist be most likely to do in order to determine whether a fossil represents a reptile or a mammal?

Correct Answer
verified

Which era is known as the "age of reptiles"?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of these characteristics added most to vertebrate success in relatively dry environments?

Correct Answer
verified

We should expect the inner wall of the swim bladder to be lined with tissue that is derived from

Correct Answer
verified

Internal fertilization,leathery amniotic egg,and skin that resists drying are characteristics of

Correct Answer
verified

Which shark structure is most analogous to a swim bladder full of gas?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following represents the strongest evidence that two of the three middle ear bones of mammals are homologous to certain reptilian jawbones?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 34: The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Which feature(s) allow(s) hibernating bats to conserve heat without using calories?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these species was apparently the first to craft stone tools?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a ray-finned fish is to both hover (remain stationary) in the water column and ventilate its gills effectively,then what other structure besides its swim bladder will it use?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is the amniotic egg considered an important evolutionary breakthrough?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The organisms represented by number 8 are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which vertebrates is fertilization exclusively internal?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these species was the first to have been adapted for long-distance bipedalism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There is evidence that ray-finned fishes evolved

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is the discovery of the fossil Archaeopteryx significant? It supports the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Birds generate a lot of heat,especially during flight.Yet the adipose tissue under their skin and the feathers atop their skin make it difficult to eliminate excess heat across the skin.Which of the following alternatives can absorb body heat and eliminate it from the bird most effectively?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The following questions refer to the phylogenetic tree shown below. -Which pair of numbers represents extinct reptiles that had returned to an aquatic life?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To which of the following are the scales of chondrichthyans most closely related in a structural sense?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these would a paleontologist be most likely to do in order to determine whether a fossil represents a reptile or a mammal?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which era is known as the "age of reptiles"?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these characteristics added most to vertebrate success in relatively dry environments?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

We should expect the inner wall of the swim bladder to be lined with tissue that is derived from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Internal fertilization,leathery amniotic egg,and skin that resists drying are characteristics of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which shark structure is most analogous to a swim bladder full of gas?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following represents the strongest evidence that two of the three middle ear bones of mammals are homologous to certain reptilian jawbones?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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