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When two glucose units are bonded together they form ____.


A) sucrose
B) galactose
C) lactose
D) maltose
E) dextrose

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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What is the unusable, or inedible, part of a wheat kernel that provides a protective coating around the kernel?


A) Bran
B) Germ
C) Endosperm
D) Husk
E) Nut

F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

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When a person is hungry and needs to replenish blood glucose, she/he should eat ____.


A) predominantly simple sugars
B) carbohydrates, protein, and fats
C) predominantly complex carbohydrates
D) protein only
E) a combination of natural and added sugars

F) D) and E)
G) B) and C)

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Explain what makes an added sugar different from natural sugars, and give two examples of foods that contain added sugars.

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Added sugars are sugars or caloric sweet...

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A general principle that can help in choosing carbohydrates (and foods in general) is to choose foods that are __________.


A) whole-food and plant-based
B) high-protein and low-fat
C) enriched-food and varied
D) sugar-free and processed-food
E) low-carbohydrate and nutrient-dense

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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What is the condition in which the body is unable or has difficulty digesting dairy products?


A) Lactose deficiency
B) Sugar allergy
C) Lactose intolerance
D) Hyperglycemia
E) Lactase persistence

F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Match the term with the short phrase or description that best matches it.

Premises
Hemorrhoids
Ketosis
Dental caries
Maltose
Diabetes
soluble Fiber
Insulin resistance
Insoluble fiber
Periodontal disease
Galactose
Lactose
Sucrose
Glucose
Colon cancer
Polysaccharide
Carbohydrates
Obesity
Phenylketonuria
Complex carbohydrates
Constipation
Fructose
Metabolic syndrome
Starch
Glycogen
Lactose intolerance
Simple carbohydrates
Atherosclerosis
Diverticulosis
Fibers
Responses
Decay of the teeth, or cavities
A polysaccharide composed of chains of glucose, stored in liver and muscle
Long chains of sugars arranged as starch or fiber
Single and double sugars
Two glucose units bonded together
A double sugar composed of glucose and fructose
The building block of carbohydrate; a single sugar
Swollen, hardened (varicose) veins in the rectum
Fibers that either dissolve or swell when placed in water
Inability to digest lactose as a result of a lack of the necessary enzyme lactase
A type of cardiovascular disease characterized by the formation of fatty deposits in the inner walls of the arteries
Compounds made of single sugars or multiple sugars and composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
Inflammation or degeneration of the tissues that surround and support the teeth
A long chain of ten or more glucose molecules linked together in straight or branched chains
Fibers that do not dissolve in water
A disorder characterized by insufficiency or relative ineffectiveness of insulin, which renders a person unable to regulate blood glucose levels normally
Carrying excess body weight
Outpockets of weakened areas of the intestinal wall
Reduced ability of the hormone insulin to regulate blood glucose
The indigestible residues of food, composed mostly of polysaccharides
Hardness and dryness of bowel movements associated with discomfort in passing them
Cancer of the large intestine
A plant polysaccharide composed of hundreds of glucose molecules, digestible by human beings
A single sugar that forms part of milk sugar
An inborn error of metabolism in which the body lacks the enzyme needed to convert the amino acid phenylalanine to the amino acid tyrosine
Gives honey its naturally sweet taste
A cluster of symptoms highly associated with the development of type 2 diabetes and heart disease
A situation that occurs when the body shifts into a fasting state and is forced to break down amino acids for glucose
Glucose and galactose bonded together

Correct Answer

Hemorrhoids
Ketosis
Dental caries
Maltose
Diabetes
soluble Fiber
Insulin resistance
Insoluble fiber
Periodontal disease
Galactose
Lactose
Sucrose
Glucose
Colon cancer
Polysaccharide
Carbohydrates
Obesity
Phenylketonuria
Complex carbohydrates
Constipation
Fructose
Metabolic syndrome
Starch
Glycogen
Lactose intolerance
Simple carbohydrates
Atherosclerosis
Diverticulosis
Fibers

Jack decides to purchase waffle #1 and eats three of the waffles for breakfast. Approximately, what amounts of total fat and total carbohydrates did the waffles contribute to his meal? A) 10 grams fat and 62 grams carbohydrates B) 5 grams fat and 62 grams carbohydrates C) 10 grams fat and 31 grams carbohydrates D) 8 grams fat and 46 grams carbohydrates E) 15 grams fat and 93 grams carbohydrates Jack decides to purchase waffle #1 and eats three of the waffles for breakfast. Approximately, what amounts of total fat and total carbohydrates did the waffles contribute to his meal?


A) 10 grams fat and 62 grams carbohydrates
B) 5 grams fat and 62 grams carbohydrates
C) 10 grams fat and 31 grams carbohydrates
D) 8 grams fat and 46 grams carbohydrates
E) 15 grams fat and 93 grams carbohydrates

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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High intakes of the sugar alternatives sorbitol and mannitol can result in ____.


A) tooth decay
B) diarrhea
C) increased blood cholesterol
D) hypoglycemia
E) increased heart rate

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Correct Answer

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All of the following are health benefits associated with intake of insoluble fiber except ___.


A) helps with weight management
B) reduces risk of constipation and hemorroids
C) lowers risk of colon cancer
D) speeds transit time through intestines
E) slows glucose absorption

F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is a disaccharide?


A) Galactose
B) Glucose
C) Glycogen
D) Fructose
E) Maltose

F) All of the above
G) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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The protein in a meal stimulates glucagon secretion, which opposes insulin and prevents it from storing glucose.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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What type of nutrient is starch?


A) Complex carbohydrate
B) Simple carbohydrate
C) Fiber
D) Gluten
E) Monosaccharide

F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Correct Answer

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How does a balanced meal help keep blood glucose from rising or dropping too quickly?


A) Soluble fibers slow down the rate of digestion so a steady stream of glucose is received.
B) Protein provides a quick source of glucose for the body's cells.
C) Protein stimulates insulin secretion, which prevents rapid glucose storage.
D) Fats accelerate the rate of digestion so that glucose is more quickly received.
E) Starches provide quick energy to the brain, which slows glucose absorption by other body cells.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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A refined grain product that is enriched is still lacking some ____ that was lost during processing.


A) iron
B) fiber
C) thiamin
D) folic acid
E) niacin

F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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Eating more higher fiber foods is usually associated with _______.


A) lower intakes of starch
B) higher intakes of added sugars
C) lower intakes of added sugars
D) higher energy intakes
E) lower protein intakes

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Fletcher's dietary analysis reveals that he is deriving 30% of calories from simple sugars, and he decides to try to cut back. Which item from his food record should Fletcher omit?


A) 1 banana
B) 1/2 cup green grapes
C) 32 fl oz root beer
D) 8 oz orange juice
E) 1/2 cup cooked dried beans

F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Complex carbohydrates are derived exclusively from plants.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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Diverticulosis is closely associated with a lack of ______ in the diet.


A) starch
B) simple sugars
C) fiber
D) carbohydrates
E) protein

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Correct Answer

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Eating too many foods with added sugars usually means getting too many ____.


A) antioxidants
B) empty calories
C) fatty acids
D) complex carbohydrates
E) enzymes

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

Correct Answer

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