Question 1

What of the following most accurately describes behavioural flexibility?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is unachievable with the social demands of our high-tech society.
B)  It is demonstrated by androgynous people.
C)  It is not considered adaptive.
D)  It could be harmful if it demands role changes without an appropriate time period of adaptation.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Which of the following best exemplifies the traits that define an expressive style of gender roles?

Accepted Answer

A)  responsibility, obedience, achievement, and sensitivity
B)  dominance, assertiveness, independence, and competitiveness
C)  kindness, nurturance, assertiveness, and independence
D)  kindness, nurturance, cooperation, and sensitivityE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 3

High levels of which trait have been found more often in boys than in girls?

Accepted Answer

A)  activity
B)  emotional expressivity
C)  social interest
D)  suggestibilityE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Briefly outline the key aspects of Money and Ehrhardt's biosocial theory of gender typing and gender-role development.What criticisms have been brought against this theoretical perspective?

Accepted Answer

Money and Ehrhardt's biosocial theory of...

Question 5

Which parents are most likely to encourage the development of androgyny?

Accepted Answer

A)  those who discourage cross-sex play in their children
B)  those who believe that sex is a biological attribute that determines an individual's interests or activities
C)  those who do not endorse traditional attitudes toward gender roles
D)  those who enforce traditional gender stereotypesE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

In addition to those identified by Maccoby and Jacklin, recent research has identified five additional sex differences.List and describe the differences that exist in each of these areas.

Accepted Answer

The five additional sex differences iden...

Question 7

Which sex is less physically vulnerable to injury, disability, or disease during development?

Accepted Answer

A)  females, at all ages
B)  males, at all ages
C)  males, before the age of 2
D)  females, after the age of 10E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Discuss the different ways inaccurate gender-role stereotypes might be perpetuated.

Accepted Answer

(a) Maccoby and Jacklin (1974) proposed ...

Question 9

According to the integrative theory of sex typing, why do very young children display gender-consistent behaviours?

Accepted Answer

A)  because of their desire to be boys or girls
B)  because of their desire to seek out information about sex-consistent behaviours
C)  because they are adept at self-socialization
D)  because other people encourage these activitiesE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

What conclusion regarding gender-role development has been supported by data from case studies of persons with atypical genital development?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is predestined by biology.
B)  It arises from social influences.
C)  It requires a combined biological/social explanation.
D)  It is a canalized maturational trait.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Explain when gender segregation intensifies.What are two explanations for why this occurs?

Accepted Answer

Gender segregation intensifies in societ...

Question 12

Outline changes in children's preferences for same-sex or other-sex playmates from late infancy thorough to preadolescence.

Accepted Answer

Children's preferences for same-sex or o...

Question 13

When do children first begin to show some awareness of gender-role stereotypes?

Accepted Answer

A)  by the end of the first year
B)  about the time they can accurately label themselves as either a boy or a girl
C)  about the time they recognize sex is an unchanging attribute
D)  after they enter a formal school environmentE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

To which of the following statements would Bem agree?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parents need to teach children the all-encompassing importance of biological sex.
B)  Parents with nontraditional attitudes toward gender roles are at risk for rebound effects, that is, children with rigid views of gender roles.
C)  Parents should encourage cross-sex as well as same-sex play.
D)  Efforts to change gender-role attitudes are more effective with older children, once they have abstract reasoning skills.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

A group of male and female children are asked the following question: "How many capital letters of the alphabet have a flat, straight line?" Based upon average sex differences in performance, what would be the sex of the highest-scoring student?

Accepted Answer

A)  female, because of superior visual imagery skills
B)  female, because of superior computational skills
C)  male, because of superior visual imagery skills
D)  male, because of superior language skillsE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Briefly outline the key aspects of the evolutionary perspective on gender typing and gender-role development.What criticisms have been brought against this theoretical perspective?

Accepted Answer

The evolutionary perspective on gender t...

Question 17

List and describe the three stages Kohlberg suggested children pass through as they develop a mature understanding of what it means to be male or female.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg suggested that children pass th...

Question 18

Explain the concept of a self-fulfilling prophecy, and discuss how cultural myths may contribute to sex differences in ability.

Accepted Answer

A self-fulfilling prophecy is a belief o...

Question 19

Which of the following best summarizes the research findings regarding the development of sex-role standards of behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  A priority in most cultures is to socialize males and females to display distinctive, gender-appropriate behaviours.
B)  Males and females are socialized to show the same characteristics, but some are stressed more for one gender than the other.
C)  Males and females show different attributes despite similar socialization.
D)  Gender socialization in males and females differs markedly between cultures.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Explain the term stereotype threat, and give an example of a stereotype threat that applies to sex differences.

Accepted Answer

Stereotype threat refers to the concept ...

Exam 14: Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

High levels of which trait have been found more often in boys than in girls?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain when gender segregation intensifies.What are two explanations for why this occurs?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIGender segregation intensifies in societ...View AnswerShow Answer

List and describe the three stages Kohlberg suggested children pass through as they develop a mature understanding of what it means to be male or female.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIKohlberg suggested that children pass th...View AnswerShow Answer

Explain the term stereotype threat, and give an example of a stereotype threat that applies to sex differences.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIStereotype threat refers to the concept ...View AnswerShow Answer

In addition to those identified by Maccoby and Jacklin, recent research has identified five additional sex differences.List and describe the differences that exist in each of these areas.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe five additional sex differences iden...View AnswerShow Answer

Briefly outline the key aspects of the evolutionary perspective on gender typing and gender-role development.What criticisms have been brought against this theoretical perspective?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe evolutionary perspective on gender t...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following best exemplifies the traits that define an expressive style of gender roles?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain the concept of a self-fulfilling prophecy, and discuss how cultural myths may contribute to sex differences in ability.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIA self-fulfilling prophecy is a belief o...View AnswerShow Answer

Outline changes in children's preferences for same-sex or other-sex playmates from late infancy thorough to preadolescence.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIChildren's preferences for same-sex or o...View AnswerShow Answer

What conclusion regarding gender-role development has been supported by data from case studies of persons with atypical genital development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When do children first begin to show some awareness of gender-role stereotypes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A group of male and female children are asked the following question: "How many capital letters of the alphabet have a flat, straight line?" Based upon average sex differences in performance, what would be the sex of the highest-scoring student?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best summarizes the research findings regarding the development of sex-role standards of behaviour?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which sex is less physically vulnerable to injury, disability, or disease during development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What of the following most accurately describes behavioural flexibility?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss the different ways inaccurate gender-role stereotypes might be perpetuated.

Correct Answerverified(a) Maccoby and Jacklin (1974) proposed ...View AnswerShow Answer

According to the integrative theory of sex typing, why do very young children display gender-consistent behaviours?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Briefly outline the key aspects of Money and Ehrhardt's biosocial theory of gender typing and gender-role development.What criticisms have been brought against this theoretical perspective?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIMoney and Ehrhardt's biosocial theory of...View AnswerShow Answer

Which parents are most likely to encourage the development of androgyny?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To which of the following statements would Bem agree?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Gender segregation intensifies in societ...
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Kohlberg suggested that children pass th...
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Stereotype threat refers to the concept ...
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The five additional sex differences iden...
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The evolutionary perspective on gender t...
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A self-fulfilling prophecy is a belief o...
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Children's preferences for same-sex or o...
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(a) Maccoby and Jacklin (1974) proposed ...
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Money and Ehrhardt's biosocial theory of...
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