Question 1

In rats, dopamine is released from the VTA/SNc is triggered by encounters with:

Accepted Answer

A)   food.
B)   sex.
C)   secondary reinforcers.
D)   All of the answers are correct.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 2

Suppose a teenager spends more time talking on the phone than doing her homework. According to the Premack principle, how could her parents get their daughter to do her homework more often?

Accepted Answer

There are two possibilities: (...

Question 3

A child is given a gold star every time she gets an "A" on a test. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   partial reinforcement.
B)   a fixed-interval schedule.
C)   continuous reinforcement.
D)   a variable-interval schedule.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Discriminative stimuli are:

Accepted Answer

A)   successive approximations to a desired response.
B)   stimuli that signal whether a particular response will lead to a particular outcome.
C)   outcomes that increase the probability of a behavior.
D)   outcomes that decrease the probability of a behavior.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 5

Suppose one wants to stop the bad habit of eating too much chocolate. Describe how one could do this using: (1) distancing, (2) reinforcement of alternative behaviors, and (3) delayed reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

(1) Distancing: stay away from places wh...

Question 6

The dorsal striatum seems to be particularly important for learning which association(s)  in operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)   S-R
B)   R-O
C)   S-O
D)   All of the answers are correct.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

According to the law of effect, Thorndike's cats learned to escape the puzzle box because they:

Accepted Answer

A)   learned the correct sequence of responses that led to a desirable outcome.
B)   instinctively knew how to escape.
C)   acquired an understanding of what they needed to do in order to escape.
D)   learned the correct sequence of responses by watching other cats escape from similar boxes.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Suppose one has a friend who drinks alcohol. How would one determine whether her drinking is just a bad habit and not a pathological addiction?

Accepted Answer

Give examples of behaviors that would qu...

Question 9

Which statement is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)   Only primary reinforcers trigger dopamine release in the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra pars compacta.
B)   Animals will continue to work for electrical brain stimulation if dopamine transmission is blocked.
C)   Dopamine seems to be involved in liking, rather than wanting, a reinforcer.
D)   A trained animal will reduce its response rate if dopamine transmission is blocked.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 10

The dorsal striatum seems to be especially important for learning:

Accepted Answer

A)   whether an outcome is pleasant or unpleasant.
B)   the identity of an expected outcome.
C)   R-O associations.
D)   S-R associations.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 11

What is the role of the dorsal striatum in operant conditioning? Discuss one piece of evidence to support the claim.

Accepted Answer

Role-it is important for learning S-R as...

Question 12

What neurotransmitter is damaged in individuals suffering from Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

A)   dopamine
B)   seratonin
C)   striatum
D)   endorphinsE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

Explain how operant conditioning is different from classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

In operant conditioning the ou...

Question 14

Carlita used to get nervous whenever she has to travel by airplane. Recently, her friend taught Carlita some deep-breathing techniques to help her relax. Carlita tried them out and felt much better when she next flew. Now, she always does deep breathing exercises before she flies. Is this an example of classical or operant conditioning? Explain.

Accepted Answer

This is operant conditioning. ...

Question 15

Describe how positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement play a role in drug addiction.

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement equals the high f...

Question 16

If an organism expects its favorite reinforcer but receives a less-preferred reinforcer, the phenomenon of _____ predicts that the organism may respond less than if it had received that less-preferred reinforcer at the start.

Accepted Answer

A)   negative contrast
B)   negative reinforcement
C)   negative behavior
D)   negative correlationE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Andrea is trying to stop biting her nails. Whenever she gets the urge to bite her nails, she forces herself to count to 100 before giving in to her urge. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   extinction.
B)   distancing.
C)   reinforcement of alternative behaviors.
D)   delayed reinforcement.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 18

Chaining involves _____, whereas shaping involves _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   reinforcement; punishment
B)   punishment; reinforcement
C)   reinforcing successive approximations to a desired behavior; training individual components of a complex response
D)   training individual components of a complex response; reinforcing successive approximations to a desired behaviorE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

A student watches for shooting stars on a clear night and sees one approximately every 2 minutes. This is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed-ratio
B)   fixed-interval
C)   variable-ratio
D)   variable-intervalE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 20

According to the Premack principle, if a child would rather wash dishes than do homework:

Accepted Answer

A)   homework could be used as a reward for washing dishes.
B)   washing dishes could be used as a reward for doing homework.
C)   the child's desire to do homework will be increased by restricting access to washing dishes.
D)   the child's desire to do dishes will be increased by restricting access to doing homework.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 5: Operant Conditioning:

According to the law of effect, Thorndike's cats learned to escape the puzzle box because they:

Correct Answer
verified

Explain how operant conditioning is different from classical conditioning.

Correct Answer
verified
In operant conditioning the ou...
View Answer

The dorsal striatum seems to be especially important for learning:

Correct Answer
verified

Andrea is trying to stop biting her nails. Whenever she gets the urge to bite her nails, she forces herself to count to 100 before giving in to her urge. This is an example of:

Correct Answer
verified

Describe how positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement play a role in drug addiction.

Correct Answer
verified
Positive reinforcement equals the high f...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
This is operant conditioning. ...
View Answer

The dorsal striatum seems to be particularly important for learning which association(s) in operant conditioning?

Correct Answer
verified

In rats, dopamine is released from the VTA/SNc is triggered by encounters with:

Correct Answer
verified

Suppose one has a friend who drinks alcohol. How would one determine whether her drinking is just a bad habit and not a pathological addiction?

Correct Answer
verified
Give examples of behaviors that would qu...
View Answer

Chaining involves _, whereas shaping involves _.

Correct Answer
verified

According to the Premack principle, if a child would rather wash dishes than do homework:

Correct Answer
verified

A student watches for shooting stars on a clear night and sees one approximately every 2 minutes. This is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Correct Answer
verified

What neurotransmitter is damaged in individuals suffering from Parkinson's disease?

Correct Answer
verified

Discriminative stimuli are:

Correct Answer
verified

Suppose one wants to stop the bad habit of eating too much chocolate. Describe how one could do this using: (1) distancing, (2) reinforcement of alternative behaviors, and (3) delayed reinforcement.

Correct Answer
verified
(1) Distancing: stay away from places wh...
View Answer

Suppose a teenager spends more time talking on the phone than doing her homework. According to the Premack principle, how could her parents get their daughter to do her homework more often?

Correct Answer
verified
There are two possibilities: (...
View Answer

What is the role of the dorsal striatum in operant conditioning? Discuss one piece of evidence to support the claim.

Correct Answer
verified
Role-it is important for learning S-R as...
View Answer

Which statement is TRUE?

Correct Answer
verified

A child is given a gold star every time she gets an "A" on a test. This is an example of:

Correct Answer
verified

If an organism expects its favorite reinforcer but receives a less-preferred reinforcer, the phenomenon of _____ predicts that the organism may respond less than if it had received that less-preferred reinforcer at the start.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 5: Operant Conditioning:

According to the law of effect, Thorndike's cats learned to escape the puzzle box because they:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain how operant conditioning is different from classical conditioning.

Correct AnswerverifiedIn operant conditioning the ou...View AnswerShow Answer

The dorsal striatum seems to be especially important for learning:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Andrea is trying to stop biting her nails. Whenever she gets the urge to bite her nails, she forces herself to count to 100 before giving in to her urge. This is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe how positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement play a role in drug addiction.

Correct AnswerverifiedPositive reinforcement equals the high f...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedThis is operant conditioning. ...View AnswerShow Answer

The dorsal striatum seems to be particularly important for learning which association(s) in operant conditioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In rats, dopamine is released from the VTA/SNc is triggered by encounters with:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose one has a friend who drinks alcohol. How would one determine whether her drinking is just a bad habit and not a pathological addiction?

Correct AnswerverifiedGive examples of behaviors that would qu...View AnswerShow Answer

Chaining involves _____, whereas shaping involves _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the Premack principle, if a child would rather wash dishes than do homework:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A student watches for shooting stars on a clear night and sees one approximately every 2 minutes. This is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What neurotransmitter is damaged in individuals suffering from Parkinson's disease?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discriminative stimuli are:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose one wants to stop the bad habit of eating too much chocolate. Describe how one could do this using: (1) distancing, (2) reinforcement of alternative behaviors, and (3) delayed reinforcement.

Correct Answerverified(1) Distancing: stay away from places wh...View AnswerShow Answer

Suppose a teenager spends more time talking on the phone than doing her homework. According to the Premack principle, how could her parents get their daughter to do her homework more often?

Correct AnswerverifiedThere are two possibilities: (...View AnswerShow Answer

What is the role of the dorsal striatum in operant conditioning? Discuss one piece of evidence to support the claim.

Correct AnswerverifiedRole-it is important for learning S-R as...View AnswerShow Answer

Which statement is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A child is given a gold star every time she gets an "A" on a test. This is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If an organism expects its favorite reinforcer but receives a less-preferred reinforcer, the phenomenon of _____ predicts that the organism may respond less than if it had received that less-preferred reinforcer at the start.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
In operant conditioning the ou...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Positive reinforcement equals the high f...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
This is operant conditioning. ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Give examples of behaviors that would qu...
View Answer

Chaining involves _, whereas shaping involves _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
(1) Distancing: stay away from places wh...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
There are two possibilities: (...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Role-it is important for learning S-R as...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified